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Aplastic Anemia

What Is Aplastic Anemia? Aplastic anemia happens when the body can’t make enough blood cells. The main types of blood cells are red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. […]

Your Child’s Vision

Our eyes help us take in the world around us and play an important role in kids’ development. Getting regular eye exams can keep their eyes healthy and find vision […]

Retinoblastoma

What Is Retinoblastoma? Retinoblastoma is a type of eye cancer that affects the retina, the inner layer of the eye. Nerve cells in the retina sense light and send images […]

Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)

What Is Retinopathy of Prematurity? Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an eye disease that can happen in premature babies. It causes abnormal blood vessels to grow in the retina, and can […]

Amblyopia

What Is Amblyopia? Amblyopia (am-blee-OH-pee-uh) — or “lazy eye” — is a condition in which the eye and brain don’t work together as they should. Kids who have it will […]

Congenital Cataracts

What Are Congenital Cataracts? A cataract is any clouding or opacity of the lens of an eye. Congenital means that it happens before birth or during a baby’s first year […]

Vagus Nerve Stimulator Therapy for Epilepsy

What Is Vagus Nerve Stimulator Therapy? Vagus nerve stimulator (VNS) therapy is a treatment for epilepsy. The vagus (VAY-gus) nerve runs up the sides of the neck and into the […]

VP Shunts

What Is a VP Shunt? A ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is a thin plastic tube that helps drain extra cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the brain. CSF is the saltwater that surrounds […]

Multiple Sclerosis

What Is Multiple Sclerosis? Multiple sclerosis, or MS, is a disease that affects the central nervous system. In MS, roadblocks in nerve pathways prevent messages from reaching the brain as […]

Also called: myasthenia, MG, juvenile myasthenia gravis, JMG What Is Myasthenia Gravis? Myasthenia gravis (my-ess-THEE-nee-uh GRAV-iss) is a condition that causes weakness in the voluntary muscles (the muscles we can control). […]

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Brain

What’s an MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)? An MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is a safe and painless test that uses magnets and radio waves to make detailed pictures of the body’s […]

Lead Poisoning

What Is Lead? Lead is a metal that’s found in the environment and many consumer products. It can be toxic (poisonous) to people and animals. What Is Lead Poisoning? Lead poisoning […]

Ketogenic Diet for Epilepsy

What Is a Ketogenic Diet? If medicine doesn’t control seizures in epilepsy, sometimes doctors prescribe a ketogenic (or keto) diet. A ketogenic (kee-toe-JEN-ik) diet is a strict diet that can […]

Guillain-Barré Syndrome

What Is Guillain-Barré Syndrome? In Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), the body’s immune system attacks the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord (the peripheral nerves). This causes temporary weakness or even paralysis (being unable to […]

Epilepsy Surgery

What Is Epilepsy Surgery? Epilepsy surgery is an operation done on the brain to reduce or stop seizures. The surgery is considered when a child’s seizures aren’t controlled by medicine […]

Abusive Head Trauma (Shaken Baby Syndrome)

What Is Abusive Head Trauma? Abusive head trauma is a head or neck injury from physical child abuse. It happens when someone shakes a baby or hits the baby against […]

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Overview What Is Autism Spectrum Disorder? Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a range of conditions that start early in life and can affect how kids communicate and interact with […]

When to Go to the ER if Your Child Has Asthma

What’s an Asthma Emergency? If your child has asthma, controlling the condition can help you avoid trips to the emergency room (ER). But it’s important to know when going to the […]

Asthma Flare-Ups

What Are Asthma Flare-Ups? An asthma flare-up is when asthma symptoms get worse, making kids wheeze, cough, or be short of breath. An asthma flare-up can happen even when someone’s […]

Short Bowel Syndrome

What Is Short Bowel Syndrome? Short bowel syndrome happens when the small bowel (intestine) is too short. It can’t fully absorb enough of the nutrients that kids need to grow, […]