Tummy aches are a common part of childhood. In many cases, a child’s stomach pain is mild and goes away with rest or a trip to the bathroom. However, tummy aches in kids can sometimes signal something more serious.

In fact, stomach pain is one of the most frequent reasons families seek emergency care. Knowing how to spot the difference between a minor issue and a medical concern can help you act quickly when needed.

what is a tummy ache?

A tummy ache, or abdominal pain, refers to discomfort in the belly area. While it can feel sharp, dull, crampy or persistent, it’s not always easy for young children or toddlers to describe exactly how it feels.

Tummy aches in kids can be caused by a wide variety of issues—some as simple as gas or constipation, others more complex like appendicitis or an infection. For parents, understanding the potential causes and symptoms of a painful tummy ache can provide peace of mind and a clear plan of action.

common causes of tummy aches in kids

There are many possible causes of tummy ache symptoms. Most are not dangerous and will go away on their own. Still, it helps to be aware of what might be triggering your child’s discomfort.

Here are the most common causes of stomach pain in toddlers and older children:

• Constipation: One of the top reasons for a toddler tummy ache. If your child hasn’t had a bowel movement in a few days or their stools are hard and difficult to pass, constipation could be the cause.
• Infections: Viral illnesses (like stomach flu) or bacterial infections (like urinary tract infections) can lead to fever and tummy ache in kids.
• Gas or indigestion: Gas buildup can create temporary but sharp pains in the abdomen.
• Food intolerance: Sensitivities to certain foods, such as lactose, can cause recurring tummy aches.
• Menstrual cramps: For older girls, cramps related to menstruation may be mistaken for general stomach pain.
• Anxiety: Nervous tics or emotional stress can manifest physically, often as tummy aches in children. This is especially common before big events, such as tests or performances.
• Surgical causes: In rare cases, conditions like appendicitis, intussusception or testicular torsion may be the source. These require immediate medical attention.

symptoms to watch for

Tummy ache symptoms can vary, but the following signs can help you understand how serious the situation may be:

• Cramping or sharp pain in one part of the belly
• Nausea or vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Bloating or gas
• Pain that worsens with movement
• Refusal to eat or drink
• A swollen or hard-feeling abdomen

In some cases, the pain might be mild and brief. But when your child’s discomfort seems severe, persistent or associated with other symptoms, it’s time to reach out to your pediatrician.

newborn tummy aches: what to know

When a baby cries and seems to have tummy pain, it can be difficult to know what’s wrong. If you’re wondering how to help a newborn with a tummy ache, here are a few gentle tips:

• Burp during and after feeding to release trapped gas.
• Try tummy time: This position can relieve gas and ease discomfort.
• Use a warm towel on your baby’s stomach to relax tense muscles.
• Check for signs of constipation: Hard stools, straining or infrequent dirty diapers may be the cause.
• If your newborn’s stomach looks bloated, or they cry in pain for long periods, call your pediatrician.

how to help a newborn with a tummy ache?

For babies, tummy aches may stem from gas, feeding issues, or constipation. Try burping during feedings, offering tummy time, using a warm compress, or gently massaging the belly. If symptoms persist, speak with your pediatrician.

the link between anxiety and tummy aches

It’s not uncommon for children to report tummy aches when they feel stressed or overwhelmed. Anxiety is a common cause of tummy ache symptoms, especially in school-age children and teens.

A nervous stomach can lead to real physical symptoms, including nausea, cramping or bathroom changes. These are often called nervous tics in childhood and may appear before stressful events or major transitions.

Helping your child express their feelings, develop coping skills and take breaks when needed can reduce stress-related tummy aches over time.

supporting your child through tummy aches

Whether your child has an occasional toddler tummy ache or frequent discomfort, it’s important to listen, observe and respond with care. Children may not always be able to describe how they feel, but parents can often sense when something is off.

When in doubt, contacting your child’s pediatrician is never a bad idea. They can help determine if your child’s tummy ache is typical or if it requires further evaluation.

how to help a tummy ache?

Encourage rest, offer clear fluids and follow a bland diet like the BRAT plan. Try to help your child have a bowel movement, and avoid giving medications unless approved by your pediatrician. If symptoms worsen or new ones appear, seek medical guidance.

when to seek medical care for tummy aches

Not all tummy aches need a doctor’s visit, but there are red flags that shouldn’t be ignored. Call your child’s pediatrician if you notice any of the following:

• Tummy pain lasting more than an hour or getting worse over time
• Constant high fever with abdominal discomfort
• Blood in the stool
• Vomiting green fluid or blood
• A firm or swollen abdomen
• Pain when the belly is touched
• Discoloration or pain in the groin or testicles
• Pain or burning while urinating
• Refusing to eat or drink

You may be referred to see a pediatric gastroenterologist. At Dayton Children’s, our gastroenterologists  are trained to evaluate, diagnose and treat abdominal pain in children of all ages. If your child has a recurring or severe tummy ache, our gastroenterology team is here to support you.

We offer in-depth evaluations and compassionate care to identify the underlying cause of tummy ache symptoms and create an individualized treatment plan. Schedule an appointment or call 937-641-4000.