Fevers are one of the most common reasons parents call the pediatrician, and it’s easy to understand why. A rising temperature can be unsettling, especially when your child seems uncomfortable or isn’t acting like themselves.

The truth is: most fevers are not dangerous. They’re a natural part of the body’s defense system. But in certain situations, a fever can signal a more serious illness.

what causes fever in kids?

A fever is the body’s way of fighting off an infection. It happens when the brain’s “thermostat” raises your body temperature in response to bacteria or viruses. Most fevers in children are caused by:

• Colds or flu
• COVID-19
• Ear infections
• Strep throat
• Respiratory viruses like RSV
• Gastrointestinal viruses (like norovirus)
• Vaccines (as a temporary reaction)

It’s important to remember that a fever itself is not an illness, but a symptom of something else going on in the body.

when is a fever too high for a child?

This is one of the most common questions parents ask. Here are general fever guidelines by age:

• Under 3 months: Any temperature 100.4°F (38°C) or higher is a medical emergency
• 3 months to 3 years: Call if fever is over 102°F and lasts more than 24 hours
• Over 3 years: Call if fever is over 104°F, or persists for more than 3 days

Other signs that a fever is concerning include:

• The child is very drowsy or difficult to wake
• Trouble breathing or rapid heartbeat
• Rash that doesn’t fade with pressure
• Stiff neck or sensitivity to light
• Seizure (febrile seizure)

If you’re wondering when a fever is concerning, it’s less about the number and more about how your child is acting.

signs a fever needs medical attention

Here are some symptoms that mean it’s time to call your child’s pediatrician or visit Kids Express:

• Lethargy: Your child is unusually sleepy or hard to wake
• Breathing changes: Rapid, shallow or labored breathing
• Persistent vomiting or diarrhea: Which could lead to dehydration
• Pain: Complaints of ear pain, sore throat or stomach pain
• Dehydration signs: Dry mouth, no tears when crying or not urinating

If your child has any underlying conditions (such as asthma, diabetes or immune disorders), your provider may recommend earlier intervention even for mild fevers.

how to bring down a fever in a child

Most pediatricians recommend treating a fever only if it’s causing discomfort, not just because of the number. Here’s how to help:

• Offer acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Motrin) based on your child’s weight and age
• Keep your child cool with light clothing and lukewarm baths
• Encourage rest and hydration
• Avoid cold baths or alcohol rubs, which can be dangerous

Always follow dosage instructions, and check with your pediatrician before giving medications to infants.

fever treatment by age group

infants under 3 months

Any fever at this age requires immediate medical evaluation. Do not give medication unless instructed by your pediatrician.

babies 3–12 months

You can use acetaminophen if the fever is making your baby uncomfortable. Call your pediatrician if fever is over 102°F or lasts more than 24 hours.

toddlers and preschoolers

Monitor behavior and hydration. Use fever reducers as needed. If the fever persists over 3 days, or spikes above 104°F, check in with your pediatrician.

older children and teens

Focus on keeping them comfortable. Offer fluids, rest and medicine for high fevers or discomfort. See your pediatrician if they’re not improving or seem unusually tired, confused or in pain.

when to call your provider

Call your pediatrician if:

• Your child is under 3 months and has any fever
• A fever lasts more than 72 hours
• Your child is very fussy or not consolable
• You notice signs of dehydration
• You’re unsure or concerned about your child’s appearance or behavior
• Fever without cough or cold symptoms

If you’re ever in doubt, trust your instincts, especially if your child’s fever doesn’t improve with at-home care or keeps spiking.

pediatric fever care at Dayton Children’s

If your child’s pediatrician is unavailable, visit one of Dayton Children’s Kids Express locations. View wait times and save your spot online.