Asthma is one of the most common chronic conditions in children, affecting how air moves in and out of the lungs. For some kids, it’s a mild annoyance. For others, it can become a serious health concern, especially when left untreated. If your child is experiencing frequent coughing, trouble breathing or recurring chest tightness, it may be time to consider whether pediatric asthma could be the cause.

This guide helps parents understand what asthma looks like in children, the early warning signs, what triggers it and how it’s treated. Knowing when to act can make all the difference.

what is pediatric asthma?

Pediatric asthma is a chronic lung condition that causes inflammation in the airways, making it difficult for your child to breathe. It can cause recurring episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness and shortness of breath.

Children with asthma often have sensitive airways that react strongly to certain triggers, like exercise, allergens or even cold air. Asthma in kids can vary from mild to severe and can change over time, which is why ongoing monitoring is so important.

what causes pediatric asthma?

The exact cause of asthma isn’t always clear, but certain risk factors and environmental triggers can increase the likelihood that a child will develop it. Common causes and risk factors include:

• A family history of asthma or allergies
• Respiratory infections in early childhood
• Environmental allergens like pollen, dust mites, mold or pet dander
• Air pollution or exposure to cigarette smoke
• Physical activity (exercise-induced asthma)

Understanding the causes of pediatric asthma can help you identify what might be contributing to your child’s symptoms and prevent future flare-ups.

signs and symptoms of asthma in kids

Asthma doesn’t always look the same in every child. Symptoms may be subtle or confused with other conditions, like bronchitis or allergies. Common signs of asthma in children include:

• Persistent coughing, especially at night or after physical activity
• Wheezing (a whistling sound when breathing out)
• Shortness of breath or rapid breathing
• Chest tightness or discomfort
• Feeling tired quickly during play or sports
• Frequent colds that seem to “go to the chest” or last a long time

These early signs of asthma can sometimes be brushed off as normal childhood colds or growing pains. But if they’re recurring or affecting your child’s daily life, it’s time to talk to a doctor.

when is it time to see a specialist?

You should schedule an appointment with your pediatrician  if your child:

• Has frequent or worsening breathing problems
• Is using quick-relief inhalers more than twice a week
• Struggles to keep up with physical activity
• Experiences asthma symptoms that wake them at night
• Shows signs of anxiety or fear related to breathing

An asthma diagnosis often starts with a physical exam, detailed medical history and lung function testing. The sooner your child is evaluated, the sooner you can create a plan to manage their symptoms and avoid long-term complications.

pediatric asthma treatment options

Asthma treatment in children focuses on controlling symptoms and avoiding triggers. Depending on your child’s needs, a pediatric asthma specialist may recommend:

• Daily controller medications (like inhaled corticosteroids)
• Rescue inhalers (for quick relief during flare-ups)
• Allergy medications or allergy testing
• Asthma action plans to track symptoms and adjust care – the goal of this plan is to reduce or eliminate asthma attacks
• Lifestyle changes such as avoiding smoke exposure or managing indoor allergens

For many kids, asthma is a manageable condition with the right treatment and support.

can kids outgrow asthma?

Some children may see their asthma symptoms improve or disappear as they get older, but others may carry the condition into adulthood. Regular follow-ups with your child’s healthcare provider are key, even if symptoms seem to fade. Asthma can come back, especially if it’s triggered by stress, illness or environmental changes.

how to support a child with asthma

Helping your child live well with asthma means staying informed, involved and proactive. Here’s what you can do:

• Learn your child’s specific asthma triggers and avoid them when possible
• Stick to the prescribed medication plan, even when symptoms are mild
• Make sure teachers, coaches and caregivers are aware of your child’s condition
• Keep regular appointments with your child’s healthcare team
• Follow your child’s asthma action plan 

get started with asthma treatment

You may be referred to a pediatric pulmonologist for your child’s asthma. At Dayton Children’s, our pulmonologists are here to help you understand what’s going on and what steps to take next. Schedule an appointment online or call 937-641-4000.